Abstract: »The attraction between men and women is seen as a natural and biological phenomenon. Ancient Indian beliefs describe women as composed of the sun-tatva and men of the moon-tatva, with their energies complementing each other. The union of these energies is believed to create vital energy. Marriage, according to Indian civilization, was developed as a way to organize and control this innate attraction, confirming the four Puruṣārthas: Dharma, Artha, Kāma, and Mokṣa. Kāma, representing desire, is considered a state of mind, divided into extroverted and introverted aspects. The Vedas and Shaivism celebrate the union of male and female energies, highlighting the importance of happiness and connections in life. Sexual satisfaction is seen as crucial, with abhicāra-mantras in the Atharvaveda aimed at enhancing marital satisfaction. Learning the arts is important for domestic sexual satisfaction, and the Kāmasūtra emphasizes acquiring knowledge before settling down. The Kāmasūtra holds prestige in Brahma Vidyā, seeking to harmonize human instincts and bring order to lives. It suggests that suppressing desires may lead to negative consequences, and Indian philosophy encourages managing desires rather than eliminating them. Ultimately, the text acknowledges societal norms and codes of conduct but also hints at the complexities of human desire and relationships. Sex is not the sole goal in the relationship between a man and a woman, as Vedic sages emphasize the pinnacle being the birth of a child, reflected in Vedic mantras. Mutual satisfaction, particularly for the woman, is crucial, and the Kāmasūtra recommends studying sexual science scriptures and seeking guidance from experts. Policymakers often oppose sex education, while proponents like Vātsyayana stress the need for sexual knowledge to navigate shame and fear. Following Kāmasūtra’s principles can lead to fulfilling relationships rooted in love and morality, recognizing the multifaceted nature of sexual desire, encompassing religious, physical, and reproductive aspects. Balanced and restrained sexual pleasure is encouraged in youth to avoid trouble caused by incomplete libido. However, some engage in criminal sexual acts due to loss of self-control or insatiable desires, with punishments outlined in Sanskrit literature. In Indian society, sexual intercourse between individuals not in a consensual relationship is considered a grave offense, and various scriptures prescribe punishments for such acts, including rape, recognized as a universal social transgression with varying degrees of punishment.« (Source: SpringerLink)

Wikipedia: History of Asia: History of India | Literature: Indian literature / Sanskrit literature | Sex and the law: Rape / Rape in India